A Beginner’s Guide to First Lady Pat Nixon

Learn about First Lady Pat Nixon in this online exhibit which highlights pivotal moments throughout her life.

Beginning with her birth in Ely, Nevada and her childhood in Southern California, and extending beyond her time at the White House, this educational exhibit provides an overview of her remarkable life.

1912

Thelma Catherine Ryan was born just before midnight on March 16, 1912, in a miner’s shack in Ely, Nevada. Her father, the proud son of first generation Irish immigrants, decided almost immediately that his new daughter’s birthday should thereafter be celebrated on March 17th, St. Patrick’s Day. He affectionately christened her, “My St. Patrick’s babe in the morning.”

1913

The Ryan family set down roots on a 10 and a half acre farm in Artesia, California.

1932

In 1932, Thelma Ryan changed her name to Patricia “Pat” Ryan.   In the fall of that year, she was offered the opportunity to travel outside California for the first time in her life. An elderly couple from Connecticut, who had been visiting California for several months, needed someone to drive them, and their car, back East.  Despite never having driven outside the state – let alone across the country – the couple hired the 20-year-old after a single interview. The payment consisted of a bus ticket home to Artesia.

Pat Ryan decided to stay with family in New York and took courses in radiology and worked as a technician before heading home.

1937

In the fall of 1934, Pat entered  the University of Southern California – a dream of higher education finally coming to fruition. Pat qualified for a research fellowship, much like today’s work-study programs which covered her tuition. Unfortunately, it was not enough to live on. Over the course of her years at USC, Pat held a variety of jobs to help meet expenses. She worked as a salesgirl at Bullocks – a fashionable department store in Los Angeles – and as a Hollywood movie extra. Three years after beginning her studies at USC, Pat Ryan graduated with honors and an equivalent of  a Master’s Degree in Education.

1938

At Whittier High School, teachers were expected to be involved in the community outside of school. Since Pat Ryan had experience in acting during her time at USC, she decided her community involvement would be to try out for the play, The Dark Tower, which was being staged by the Whittier Community Players. Unbeknownst to Pat Ryan, also at the tryouts was the up-and-coming young Whittier attorney, Richard M. Nixon.

1940

On June 21, 1940, Pat Ryan married Richard Nixon in a small ceremony at the Mission Inn in Riverside, California. The Couple exchanged vows in front of a Quaker minister with only family and a dozen friends in attendance.

1943

During World War II, women were entering the work force in large numbers as millions of men joined the armed forces. With Pat’s credentials, she obtained a position and an annual salary of $2,000.00 with the Office of Price Administration (OPA) – a federal agency established to help control prices during the course of the war.

1946

The Pat and Dick Team, began with a victory in 1946 as Richard Nixon was the first citizen from Whittier to be elected to Congress.

1952

In 1952, Richard Nixon was approached to be the running mate of General Dwight D. Eisenhower in the Presidential election, thus began another round of campaigning for the Pat and Dick Team. The Fund Crisis  made the campaign difficult, however the crisis did not slow their determination to win. The 1952 Presidential Election concluded on November 6 with Eisenhower and Nixon claiming victory.

1953

On January 20, 1953, in the height of winter, Pat Nixon stood on the balcony of the Capital Building during the 1953 Presidential Inauguration.

1953 Goodwill Tour

In 1953, President Eisenhower asked the Vice President and Pat Nixon to represent the United States on a “Goodwill Tour.” Crossing oceans, continents, and time zones, the Nixons and their official party of just five had to cope with the challenging conditions of international travel in the days before the “Jet Age.” At each stop, Second Lady Pat Nixon departed from the normal round of official appointments, instead she visited more than two hundred schools, hospitals, and other public institutions looking into social and educational conditions. Pat Nixon met with hospital patients, visited with residents in public housing projects, and spent time with children in schools and orphanages. She would, according to one newspaper reporter, go anywhere she could to “earn friends for the U.S.”

1955

1955 Goodwill Tour

While visiting the Panama, Second Lady Pat Nixon was the first foreign dignitary to ever visit patients at the Palo Seco leprosy hospital.

1958

1958 Goodwill Tour

Seeking to strengthen the United States’ position in South America, the Nixon traveled to Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela in April 1958. The first several stops on the trip were uneventful. But when the Nixon’s reached Peru, violence-prone mobs led by Communist agitators threatened the Nixons safety. Reports that an attempt would be made on their lives in Venezuela reached the Secret Service which traveled with them.

As the Nixons landed in Caracas, Venezuela’s capital, an angry, seething mob disrupted the arrival ceremony. Throwing stones and spitting at the Vice President and Mrs. Nixon, the hostile airport reception was just the first of the dangers the Nixons would face that day. As their motorcade drove through the capital city, more than 500 demonstrators quickly mobbed the cars, beating the windows with lead pipes and baseball bats. Others began to rock the cars, hoping to overturn them. The brutal assault lasted for 12 minutes. Finally a path was cleared and the cars sped to safety. The Nixon’s were very nearly killed in Caracas, but Pat Nixon remained, in the words of an aide was in the car with her, “serene.”

1960

VP Richard Nixon ran for President against Senator John F. Kennedy. Pat Nixon campaigned alongside her husband and traveled to all 50 states during the campaign. Kennedy defeated Nixon by the smallest popular-vote margin in American history.

1962

Pat Nixon campaigned with her husband when he made a run for governor of California against the incumbent Governor Pat Brown. Richard Nixon lost and stated, “Gentlemen, this will be my last press conference.”

1963

The Wilderness years were full of travel. The family ventured on a six-week tour of Europe. Their journey was the first of many international trips that would eventually lead the family back on the road to the Presidency.

1968

Richard Nixon’s 1968 presidential campaign was announced on February 2, 1968 and Pat Nixon maintained a schedule as demanding and exhausting as the candidates.

1969

On January 20, 1969, as her husband, Richard Nixon, took the oath of office as President of the United States, Pat Nixon held the Nixon and Milhous family bibles.

When Pat Nixon became First Lady, the war in Vietnam was raging. Just six months after entering the White House, First Lady Pat Nixon traveled to South Vietnam, becoming the first First Lady ever to enter an active combat zone.

Shortly after arriving in Saigon, South Vietnam’s capital, Pat Nixon left the heavily fortified city traveling in open-door military helicopter directly over the fighting which was still ongoing. She landed first at an orphanage, visiting Vietnamese children who had lost their parents in the war. Her second stop was at an Army Hospital where she comforted wounded soldiers. During her visit, Pat Nixon was asked by several of the soldiers to send notes to their families stating that she had seen them and they were in good spirits. She fulfilled the soldiers’ requests.

On December 28 & 30, 1969, Pat Nixon requested the White House be open for nighttime tours. This act began the beloved American tradition of Candlelight Christmas Tours of the White House.
1970

On January 28, 1970, Pat Nixon met with the Committee for the Preservation of the White House to begin plans to renovate the seven State Rooms of the White House.

On March 6, 1970, Pat Nixon returned from her tour across the country visiting schools, speaking with students, and promoting volunteerism. When asked what her project would be throughout the Nixon Administration, Pat Nixon declared, “People. People are my project.”
On May 31, 1970, a deadly earthquake struck some of the most remote, mountainous regions of Peru. The devastation caused by the earthquake killed more than 50,000 people and left another 800,000 homeless.

As reports of the destruction slowly filtered back to the United States, Pat Nixon grew increasingly concerned about those who survived the quake. Determined to help, Pat Nixon decided to travel to Peru and deliver emergency supplies.

After Pat Nixon’s visit, a high-ranking Peruvian official declared that, “this visit by Mrs. Nixon has done more to improve the relations with our country than anything the United States has done in a hundred years.” She received the highest decoration from the Peruvian Government – the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun.

On June 18, 1970, Pat Nixon inaugurated the Summer in the Parks Program at the White House Expo ’70. Over 1,000 children from the D.C. area were invited to participate and learn various activities they could do at the parks, such as outdoor games, camping skills, and cultural arts. 
On November 25, 1970, Pat Nixon’s project to have the White House illuminated at night was completed with an official ceremony on the White House lawn. The White House has been illuminated ever since.
1971

On June 17, 1971, Pat Nixon reopened the restored Vermeil Room. From the June 17 press release, “The room, once a storage and billiard room, became the Vermeil Room during the Eisenhower Administration. Mrs. Margaret Thompson Biddle of Philadelphia donated her extensive silver-guilt collection to the White House in 1956. The collection, chiefly English and French, covers a wide span from the Renaissance to the present.”

On September 12, 1971, ABC News aired “A Visit with the First Lady.” The interview was conducted by the first-female ABC News correspondent, Virginia Sherwood. The exclusive interview of Pat Nixon’s life as first lady was filmed at the White House in Washington, D.C. and the Western White House at La Casa Pacifica in San Clemente, California. Pat Nixon stated, “I have more opportunity to do the things in which I’m interested – to help people, to visit with them, to travel, to report to my husband, and to make recommendations.”
On November 8, 1971, Pat Nixon reopened the Red Room. From the November 8th press release, “the room retains the style of furnishings of the American Empre period (1815-1825). The walls of the room have been covered with ‘Dolley Madison Red,’ a red twill satin fabric with a gold scrolled Empire design in the border along the top of the walls.”
On December 14, 1971, Pat Nixon reopened the Green Room. From the December 14 press release, “the Green Room of the White House [was] re-furbished in the Classical style of the early 19th century America. The furniture in the room is American Sheraton in style dating from 1800-1815 with many of the pieces attributed to the New York workshop of Duncan Phyfe or his contemporaries.”
1972

Africa Trip

Pat Nixon became the first First Lady to visit Africa. On a 10,000-mile, eight-day journey to Ghana, Liberia, and the Ivory Coast, Pat was honored with a 19-gun salute, a tribute reserved only for heads of government.

China Trip

On February 21, 1972, two years into the presidency, the Nixon’s arrived in Peking (Beijing), China and were welcomed by Premier Zhou Enlai. President Richard Nixon extended his hand and shook hands with the Premier in a formal greeting. The vibrant red coat Pat Nixon wore held more significance than many had realized as the color red was the symbol of “good luck.”

On May 15, 1972, reopened the Blue Room. From the May 15th press release, “the [Blue] room was designed in the 1790’s by the architect of the White House, James Hoban, to be the most elegant room in the White House. The room retains the style of furnishings of the French Empire period with several pieces of furniture purchased by President James Monroe for the White House in 1817 remaining in the room.”
Soviet Union Trip

May 21-27, 1972, First Lady Pat Nixon and the President journeyed to the Soviet Union. President Nixon and Premier Leonid Brezhnev signed the historic agreement on the limitation of strategic arms (SALT).

August 21-23, 1972, the Republic National Convention was held at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami, Florida. On August 21st, Pat Nixon addressed the Republican National Convention delegates. Upon reaching the podium, Pat Nixon was greeted with by a standing ovation lasting several minutes. The crowd chanted in unison, “We love Pat!” She was the first First Lady to address the RNC.
1973

On January 20, 1973, President Nixon was re-elected with largest mandate in American history, winning 49 out 50 states, and nearly 61 percent of the popular vote.

On May 24, 1973, First Lady Pat Nixon and President Nixon hosted the largest dinner ever held at the White House for American POWs who returned from Vietnam.
1974

June 1974, Pat Nixon accompanied President Nixon on a trip to Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Saudi Arabia.

August 9, 1974 – Pat Nixon stood with her family as her husband, President Nixon delivered his farewell to the White House staff. Shortly after, the Nixons returned to their home in San Clemente, California.
1975

May 1975 – Pat Nixon traveled back to her hometown of Artesia, now called Cerritos for the opening of an elementary school named in her honor. She remarked with happiness, “I’m proud to have the school carry my name.”

1976

On July 7, 1976, Pat Nixon suffered a stroke at her home, La Casa Pacifica in San Clemente. After being examined by the chief of medicine fro Camp Pendleton, Pat Nixon was taken by ambulance to Long Beach Memorial Hospital. The stroke had caused the left side of her body numb. After a week in the hospital, Pat Nixon was able to return home. Over a course of time, Pat Nixon practiced physical therapy and slowly regained control and strength to the left side of her body.

 

1980

February 1980, Pat and Richard Nixon moved to the East Coast to be closer to their children and grandchildren, Jennie, Alex, Melanie, and Christopher.

1990

On July 19, 1990, Pat and Richard Nixon returned to Yorba Linda, California for the grand opening of the Richard Nixon Library and Museum.  They were joined by their family, friends, and an adoring crowd. Also in attendance were Ronald and Nancy Reagan, George and Barbara Bush, and Gerald and Betty Ford.

1993

Pat Nixon met her final years with grace. She died at her home in Park Ridge, New Jersey, on June 22, 1993 surrounded by family. Her legacy and contributions throughout her life continue to serve as a reminder of her strength and enduring love for people. She is buried next to her husband, Richard Nixon, at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California.

Archival Footage

Take a peak at exclusive archival footage of Pat Nixon throughout her life.

Re-Opening of the Blue Room

A Visit with the First Lady

Pat Nixon's Funeral Service